The Ghost of Arana Gulch, an update...

Arana Gulch, just off "the Soquel Road" (now called Soquel Avenue in Santa Cruz), is full of strange tales. There is one about a woman run down by a drunk driver and left to die on "the Arana Curve". Another talks about a bordello raid, resulting in murder on Arana Creek, and of course, the famous 'Ghost of Arana Gulch.' 

Some are not so well known, like a tale of a treasure map found in the hands of a dying vaquero in 1890. The map clearly marked the location of  $40,000 worth of gold stolen from a forgotten bandido heist. It was buried, according to the scrawl on the map,  in a cave up at the top of  a gulch.  At first the map claimed to have been located in Scotts Valley, but, according to its owner, the drawing clearly showed Arana Gulch. Today, the story lives on as "Paul Sweet's Gold." Eerily, in 1865, F.A. Hihn engaged a mining engineer to study the possibility of gold up in Arana and other small creeks.

SC Sentinel, 20 Dec 1933

But what about the Ghost of Arana Gulch? A man named Andrew Jackson Sloan was apparently gunned down by three very prominent local Latinos, members of the nearby Branciforte Villa and Adobe, one of the oldest European settlements in the area. Two were known as Bandidos or 'greasers', and were labeled bandits and thieves. Their names were Rodriguez and Lorenzana. In fact, this gulch originally belonged to the Rodriquez/Loranzana/ Villa(grana) families back in the 1860s and was listed on the maps as "Rodriguez Gulch." It was a much desired land, with rushing creeks, some lumber potential, a rumor of gold, but mostly open grazing land.  (Today, Arana Gulch is the city dividing line between incorporated and unincorporated areas of the county and is classified as greenspace. ) Sloan was gunned down, unarmed, and alone, or so the news accounts say. (See my author's notes page for information on the actual crime.) The inaccuracy of the timeline, the mysterious murder of the key witness, the case thrown out of court from lack of evidence, haunted the community.  This clipping, from the newspaper, dated fourteen years later, raises questions we still can't answer. 

So how did this come to be a ghost story? In July, around noon, Andrew Jackson Sloan officially began his tour as "The Ghost of Arana Gulch." He never made the front page when he was murdered, but in 1895, he got his start on a 149 year long stint as a ghost.

After this sighting, A.J. Sloan was sighted regularly and with drama. A spectre seen in twilight, daylight, or midnight, usually clad in a wide brimmed hat and long coat. He was thin, menacing, and of course, clad in black, his boot steps haunting every back yard and deck along the homes gracing the edges of both upper and lower Arana Creek. (My neighborhood abounded with such tales!) A.J.'s "murder" became an annual Halloween tale that inspired many to learn about Santa Cruz History. One home was so badly haunted by the footsteps and the apparition, a copy of the wanted poster of the time (you can view this at the Museum), was placed on the homeowner's deck to "exorcise" it. Many claimed A.J. haunted folk because he didn't have a headstone. (The top was actually broken off).This was taken very seriously at Evergreen and in 2007, a veteran's headstone was installed. During that installation, the historian overseeing the work noticed another headstone. Rather than disturb it, they simply continued with the installation of the modern stone.  Not much else was done on the plot until 2012 when that historian and I met. He told me that there was a headstone in A.J.'s plot, somewhere over by his new veteran's stone. The elderly historian was not specific, simply because, I think, he wanted me to enjoy a sense of discovery. For that I was entirely grateful. For the complete story, read about that unearthed secret here.

What is A.J.'s real story? 

Currently, research is focusing on exactly what happened to A.J. Recent use of Canine Forensic teams have given us a huge clue. A study of a rare collection of federal court documents has given up more clues. During renovation of the headstone base we discovered that 1)both his mother's stone and his were mounted at the same time and 2) of this particular grave site we stumbled onto remains of granulated brick about 5 feet down. To see more on this renovation visit our facebook page.

 For a look into some of the theories and facts about A.J. check out a new fiction book called Ghosts in the Gulch or book a tour to see Evergreen Cemetery. Tours are free but must be scheduled in advance due to the closure of the cemetery and renovations in progress.

  Happy Halloween! To view the complete article on AJ Sloan's gravesite and participate in our upcoming Dia de los Muertos event, drop by The MAH on November 1st to walk the old funeral path to Evergreen. For more information on this event go to DiaAtMAH.

Restoration of the Sloan plot

Mysterious Mary

Our 148th Memorial Day Celebration at Evergreen this year begins with cleanup. It's one of our favorite events.   We schedule in our volunteers, school groups, and partners, to help us wash,sweep, weed, and prune.

The focus of our clean up this month is The Grand Army of the Republic's plot. Today, with abbreviations as part of our daily conversation, we simply refer to it as the G.A.R. (never 'gar') plot.

1890 app. date Extracted from the Baldwin Collection courtesy of The Santa Cruz Museum of Art and History 

What's in a name?

This special 30 X 40 foot plot, tenderly bordered by a white picket fence, was created in 1884. No one says it better than its founders, the W.H.L Wallace G.A.R. Post #32 :

Santa Cruz Sentinel 1885

This year, as we aim high in our preservation efforts, we have begun to reassess and recount the number of burials within this tiny plot to make sure all are accounted for, preserved, and restored as funding allows. This seemed an easy project to complete as many historians before us worked very hard to collect and maintain much of the information on the plot and the Post who created it.

The Accidental Interee

Last year we began with a standard preservation procedure, checking our roster with church records. Simple enough, but during the check, we encountered a strange notation. The name of Evergreen had been switched by the Church Archivist to Greenwood. This odd change went on for at least 8 years. But our rosters matched (phew!) except for one small item. Mary Salsbury, died March 1886 buried at G.A.R.

The Plot Thickens

I let this fact simmer. One year later, during a standard obituary confirmation of this person's interment,  I found this:

It doesn't seem like much at first. Of course her husband James served in the Civil War and he wanted to have his wife buried in the Soldiers plot and certainly James must be there as well. 

But James' story revealed itself to be a soldier who volunteered in the 141st Infantry of Pennsylvania Volunteers, Company C  August of 1862, discharged in December of the same year, by Surgeon's Certificate of Disease- Malaria. 

James returned to his point of origin: Towanda, Pennsylvania. He became a widower sometime after 1870. Childless as well. (Both children died) James made his way to Felton and by 1880 had married Mary (last name unknown). James then joined the local Wallace Post in 1885, just barely five months before Mary died of uterine cancer. It would appear he joined the post to ensure Mary would have a place to be buried.

Compassionate Care

Mary had no children. James' pension went to a mysterious niece in Pennsylvania and the lot of land he owned in Felton was the source of a legal claim and title transfer as late as 1944. 

James himself died in the Sawtelle Home for Disabled Soldiers, from dementia, in Los Angeles, and was laid to rest in their cemetery in 1913. 

It would be easy to say that this plot was supposed to hold spouses and children in addition to those who served. But in conversation and research into this particular style of interment, the practice was to have those that served in war within a special section, with their spouses and kin outside but nearby the plot, or the soldier would elect to be placed within his family plot with a military stone or marker. This G.A.R. plot was deeded to be 30 x 40 feet, and has remained to this day, this size. The headstones and roster of our plot do not mention any other spouses or children within.

Errors and Errata

We do have four unmarked plots very close to the exterior boundary of this place. We only know of their existence in a hand drawn grid dated to 1974.  We have a strong indicator of the owners from an inscription survey done in 1891 of the same area. Mapping of the nearby open section to G.A.R. area is underway. We also know that the fenced section has always kept its boundaries. But there are no conclusions as of yet. 

Tantalizing Clues.

Only one woman was ever admitted into the G.A.R. as a member and buried within their special plot. With her burial came a secret that now has become fact, supported by evidence, both testimonial and clerical. Women did fight as soldiers in the Civil War.

We will try very hard to gather more data before understanding this puzzle. The fact that two independent and unconnected sources have the same piece of burial information is a strong indicator that something unusual occurred. It may be just a simple gesture of compassion. James was a shoemaker who owed taxes and defaulted on a mortgage.Unfortunately the notes of the meeting which gave the burial permission to James for his second wife to rest within the G.A.R. plot were lost in a city wide fire of 1894. The list of 19th century veterans in the county was damaged in a flood of 1955. 

What next?

Finding documentation of all veterans buried within the county since its inception is the task ahead. Whatever Mary's connection to James, whatever happened that day on March 17, 1886, Mary was deeply loved and honored. Veteran or spouse of a veteran, we honor all those that serve and those that support our service veterans, not just on Memorial Day but every day.

If you would like to help with clean up in preparation of Memorial Day please contact The Museum of Art and History at (831)429-1964 or visit our website at www.santacruzmah.org/evergreen.

photo by Vanda Lamar 2013 Memorial Day at Evergreen.

Spectres in Stone II

Haunted by the Past.

Headstone renovation can be both a joy and a grief, especially when you find evidence of a questionable previous repair and re-installation. In this particular case, The Ghost of Arana Gulch's headstone, an old beer bottle embedded in decayed cement to the side of its granite base, crumbled away to reveal evidence of a very '70s style installer with a sense of historic humor.

Top Men

Which '70s? 1970s, or the 1870s?

Simple! Answer: A plastic screw top cap with a very particular inscription on the side of the bottle narrowed the installation date down to 1974. Our 'beer' bottle was a whiskey bottle manufactured in between the 1960s-1970s. Our masonry expert thought the concrete might be a "quick mix" or "fence post" style concrete, hence its short 'shelf life' and evidence of epoxy slathered around the real base "slam dunked" our opinion.So why the concern? The 1970s at Evergreen was an active time of renovation complete with boxes of record keeping. Why was there no record of this particular set of stones having such a repair? Our team also noticed that the center missing piece (we never found it) may have "popped out", the result of a blunt force trauma to the back of the monument OR a very strong earthquake. A sledgehammer vandal(such a thing did happen at Evergreen in the 1960s) theory was dismissed, because the back of the damaged stone was smooth. We settled on an earthquake. The record of the past showed us evidence of several strong quakes (see previous blog post Shaken, not Stirred for more information).

A Fractured Past

Why is there a hole in the front of this marker? A.J. Sloan's stone quality was  different from his mother's headstone. An inferior style of marble, riddled with fine cracks caused the stone to fracture in this manner, leaving, as you see in the photo, a large hole in its face.

A number of opinions were discussed as we raised the monuments back up in their place, such as where were the records recounting this modern "restoration"? The whiskey bottle placed deliberately at AJ's base suggested an historical understanding, as a famous rumor claimed AJ flew into a drunken rage, was unarmed, and set upon. (All these claims had no proof, but made a great story at the time. See author's notes on this blog for more information.)
The lack of records was easy to explain. Like today, this was a volunteer effort. Someone donated their time and materials. The entire day could have been a workday for the entire cemetery. It was probably logged as such. We just needed to cull through those records again. One of our team joked that in forty years (the same amount of time from the 1970s to today) renovation volunteers will curse us as well.

Broken Up

In the end, when all was restored, the answer was quite clear how these stones broke apart. I am one inch over five feet tall. As you can see by the photo, I am standing six inches lower than the top of the headstone. This restoration took four 1/2 inch thick galvanized steel  rods, approximately 8 inches long slathered in modern epoxy to ensure its upright stability. In the 1860s, this stone was simply set in a base with barely a 12 inch long  2 inch wide, possibly 6 inch  deep "tab", none of which was adequate to hold such a heavy stone against the powerful sway of an earthquake.

The Standing Stones of Clan Sloan

One can only wonder at the love and care that went into the carving and mounting of these original stones. AJ's father was a native of Scotland. Did their surviving kin honor their Scottish past, pay a regular visits to Evergreen, until they were no more? How should the story of AJ Sloan, The Ghost of Arana Gulch be memorialized today? (To see a video of the actual setting of this particular stone and a 3D model of this monument, visit our facebook page )

Spectres in Stone

Back from the Dead
On February 11th, 1865 39-year-old Andrew Jackson Sloan was allegedly ambushed and killed by bandidos in the dark creek gully of Arana Gulch. Popular story aside, Sloan earned his ghost status in 1895 by first appearing to cross Soquel Avenue in  broad daylight, then 'melting' away in front of a very startled witness. Today, Sloan, his mother, two sisters and one brother are buried at Evergreen Cemetery. But Sloan's fate haunted many for over 120 years.

(For a recap and new research go to Author's Notes page on this blog)
The top half of his headstone is gone. The bottom half stuck out of the ground like an old retaining wall. There was another broken headstone next to his, also in the same state, belonging to someone older than him. Both rested beneath a huge cedar tree. Research into a journal, plot maps, and a previous historian's notes about the layout of Sloan's plot told us that Sloan's mother was the owner of this companion  marker.

Many locals well into this century continue to be 'haunted' by Sloan. Rumor had it that the modern veteran's headstone currently installed within his plot, was placed there to calm his ghost. (The truth is more mundane. The stone was one of many installations, part of a veteran's restoration project at the time.) During the setting of the veteran headstone marker, the crew found the top section of Sloan's original headstone. A note was made in the cemetery plot map file and it was covered back up, to be protected from wear and vandals.
In 2012 Sloan's headstone, along with his mother's was excavated.  (Here's the blog post about it.) They spent the next 2.5 years in the Museum's  Archives with a few other headstones from Evergreen for company.

Renewed Ambition
This year, Sloan and his mom return to their plots. The project seemed simple. The team had, in the last three months, repaired seven other larger headstones with more complex mounting and breakage issues.
Our team noticed that Sloan's headstone in particular was of poorer quality than his mother's. Small fractures appeared across its face. Drilling rebar holes into its bottom would be trickier than usual. A two inch wide piece was also missing from its center. The first thing to do was a complete search for this missing piece. Naturally we started around the area of his plot.

Well, I was excited to excavate this grave. To kill two birds with one stone, (uh...) we decided it might be a good idea to dig down and check on the stability of the original mounts.
We were expecting to find two individual granite bases, one for each headstone.  (Sloan died two years after his mother.) Many buried during this time at Evergreen had individual bases made from granite or marble. Multiple headstones installed in a single granite base was rare. The sheer size of such an undertaking would be costly and prohibitive. Stone shipments at this time came from Italy. Some were brought down from the Sierras. But the lack of transportation, good roads, and shipping schedules made such ventures costly.
One of the characteristics I had noticed while cleaning these exposed stumps was their remarkable detail and their exquisite workmanship, all signs of a well to do family. I also noticed something else about the stone, they seemed the same age. Since the death dates were close, this made sense.

Family Planning in 1865
Having your headstone carved while you were alive was not unusual. Families planned ahead and bought stones before the death of a loved one, or if one died before the other, they bought a stone for themselves, to be placed "when they followed". Usually they were carved at the same time. Stones were then placed above a grave, a few weeks, or even years later, depending on the family' wishes or financial situation. I had often said to my patient coworkers that I felt these two stones were set in at the same time. 

A Complex Past
I said alot of other things too, such as Sloan may have been murdered by someone other than what history 'recalls'. They were used to my cracker dog theories. (To explore these fanciful theories, buy this book about A.J. Sloan, called Ghosts in the Gulch, available on Amazon on Feb 12th.)
 We began to dig down beneath the headstone. We hit a huge base, granite, as expected. We began near his mother's stone and saw the same edging. The more mud and soil we removed, the more apparent and large this block of dark granite became. Sloan's complicated past just unearthed itself. The stones were mounted into one solid carved  5-foot granite block, and, yes, appeared to have been set at the same time. 

Haunted by Previous Renovators
As we cleaned off the mud from the single base, another shock greeted us.  These stones  broke off from their base before, and were repaired with the closest thing to a quick and dirty method early concrete blends had to offer, (complete with a beer bottle). A quick check on the plot history also revealed that Sloan's brother had purchased the plot a year after his mother had died.

Beer Bottle cemented in place 

So, did they simply have a carved stone ready to go for Sloan? Was he also ill, and they knew he was going to die soon? Or was it simply grief, and a generous (and guilty?) personage gave money to have both stones made, perhaps a few years later? Cracker dog theories aside, it had us all caught up in a mystery about motivation and the need to place such monuments, monuments that leave those of us in the present intrigued and interested in the details of what life in the 1860's meant for these folk. It also reminded us of the power of earthquakes, a quick leveler of many monuments over the years.

Tales of the City
In November of 1865 a powerful quake rocked Santa Cruz. According to news stories, several quakes terrorized residents over the years. One of them or all could have caused the damage that was revealed in front of us. In our minds a time line grew. Both stones were most likely put in either at the time of Sloan's death, two years after his mother, or perhaps a little later. How much later, we don't know.  An earthquake broke the stones from their original base. It was repaired.  A second one must have caused the headstones to break in half again. Which quake? Not  our local Loma Prieta Quake of 1989. Lucky for us the previous renovation crew back in 1987 made a note about the state of this plot. "Top Broken." and "Name Broken off." described this handsome set.

Legacy Set in Stone


Next week we will complete the work of setting these magnificent works of art in place, and continue excavating and exploring this site to get an insight into what the original plot may have looked like. Old brick appears to line the fringes of these graves, some in the delicate artistic curves to form a retaining edge. Found near the now towering non native incense cedar, I wonder, did a grandchild to the Mrs. Eliza Sloan, tenderly plant a tiny cedar sapling within a brick circle, emulating the amazing carving of a willow tree on her headstone?  Would she smile at how large her incense cedar has become? And what of Andrew Jackson Sloan? Will he still haunt Arana Gulch?

Mapping the Past for the Future

I love maps, map apps, old maps, and new maps. The best maps are ones that capture the era but have no clear signature of when, who, or why they were made. You can study, investigate, and speculate about the map's true intent.
Here is one found in the Museum's Evergreen drawer.

There are many historical names on this map: Judge Logan of Haunted Brookdale Lodge fame, R.C. Kirby husband of activist and feminist Georgiana Bruce Kirby,  and W.F. Cooper of the Cooper Building, just to name a few, and something extra. 

As a team we saw how cleverly the map maker caught the curve of the hill and the gully. He marked it too, with this dotted line. The Mason and G.A.R. plots are clearly squared off to the lower left. The blank field between the numbered plots and the squares is The Old Section. This is further verified by (see the upper picture of the first map) by the gully and hillside mark on the right side and a notation that clearly shows the stream there today. The one deed reference written on the map says "Vol 91 -241". A trip to the county revealed something quite different. 

Volume #91 page 241 at the County Records Office showed a complex dispersion of an estate of someone in Boulder Creek. Land, cash, just about everything was dispersed to a mysterious Evangelist.

I also tried looking at the entire ledger for any reference to Evergreen but to no avail. Luckily I had taken photo of this map on my phone and studied the reference numbers again. This is what I decided the Volume 91 truly was: 

Viola! The deed, and all of its participants appeared on page 241!

"Third day in November in the Year of Our Lord, Eighteen Hundred and eighty three."

Now for the curious mystery! What on earth was that circular "road"? (Without my glasses I mistook it for a pond at first, and alas my archive mates have permanently dubbed it my "Pond." theory!). Needless to say, we have considered that this might be a plan of some sort. But the referenced deed simply states that the boundaries of the properties adjoining this city land have been verified and marked on this map. There is no mention of Evergreen's use or plan. 

Here is the area,  near the retaining wall in the background, as it looked a few years ago:

And below today, from Evergreen Street, straight up, like the 1883 map suggests. The "pond" would have been behind the Chinese Gate up there.

Often, on site, we have noticed how flat the area behind the new Chinese monument appears to be despite landslide activity. It's bowl shaped. We assumed this was excavation done during the building of the culvert, except that a few burials dating pre 1880 (seven actually) were in place with minimal disturbance. There was slide debris on some, but from an older earth movement, not the recent construction. One of the things we've wondered as a team, was how access was managed for much of the funeral parties mentioned in the 1880s, in particular something as large as a Chinese ox cart mourning procession. Many news articles describing "The Celestials" funeral processions involved an ox cart of some size. We assumed that folk simply "parked" on the road below (Now called Evergreen/Coral Street) and walked up, much like today. If this cart turnaround was already part of the landscape then it would provide a better understanding about access in the 1880s and about the general planning of burials. 

Today, we are trying to map this area. It's called "The Old Section". There are no plots as the map above shows for Evergreen "proper" and there is a peculiar reference in the 1970s to two Chinese paths: Dragon and Incense. 

What we do not see and have not found, is long term evidence to support a long time use of such paths. We have, however, found twentieth century pathways put in to connect the bottom to the top, running over a few old burials in the process. These were done, according to recent maps, in the 1980's. As one visitor and former volunteer said during her last visit: "I want the Eighties to come back."

So do I. 1880s that is.